Fabrics

What clothes are made of, fiber by fiber: where it comes from, how it wears, and what to watch for on the label. Or compare two fabrics side by side, or see what a blend like 60% cotton / 40% polyester means.

🌿 Natural: plant

Grown, then spun. Breathable and biodegradable.

Cotton

The everyday plant fiber: soft, breathable and easy to wash.

Linen

Cool, crisp and strong, from the flax plant.

Hemp

A tough plant fiber a lot like linen.

🐑 Natural: animal

Hair, fleece and silk. Warm, odor-resistant, biodegradable.

Wool

Warm even when damp, and it resists odor.

Cashmere

Goat underdown: very soft and very warm for its weight.

Alpaca

Warm, silky fleece from the alpaca, often softer than sheep’s wool.

Silk

Smooth, lustrous protein fiber spun by silkworms.

Mohair

Shiny, fuzzy hair from Angora goats.

🧪 Semi-synthetic

Made from plants, but dissolved in chemicals and re-spun.

Rayon

Wood pulp dissolved in chemicals and spun into a soft, drapey fiber.

Bamboo

Almost always rayon made from bamboo pulp, not a natural bamboo fiber.

Modal

A stronger, softer kind of rayon, made from beech wood.

Lyocell

A wood-pulp fiber made in a near-closed loop that recovers almost all its solvent.

Cupro

Silky fiber made from the fuzz left on cotton seeds.

Acetate

A shiny wood-pulp fiber used mostly for linings.

🏭 Synthetic

Plastics made from oil. Durable and cheap; they shed microplastics.

Polyester

The most common fiber in clothing: a plastic, made from oil.

Nylon

A strong, stretchy plastic fiber, used where things wear out.

Spandex

The stretch in stretch jeans: a small amount goes a long way.

Acrylic

A cheap plastic stand-in for wool.